State of the science: hot flashes and cancer. Part 2: management and future directions.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To critically evaluate and synthesize intervention research related to hot flashes in the context of cancer and to identify implications and future directions for policy, research, and practice. DATA SOURCES Published, peer-reviewed articles and textbooks; editorials; and computerized databases. DATA SYNTHESIS Although a variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are available, they may not be appropriate or effective for all individuals. CONCLUSIONS The large and diverse evidence base and current national attention on hot flash treatment highlight the importance of the symptom to healthcare professionals, including oncology nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Using existing research to understand, assess, and manage hot flashes in the context of cancer can prevent patient discomfort and improve the delivery of evidence-based care.